Do You Believe in Chi?
Special thanks goes out to Lizzie for inspiring this post. In the comments section of my last entry, George Alexander Interview Part 2, Lizzie asked a very simple question: Do you believe in Chi?
Interesting. Both the question and the wording.
Most people have heard of Chi, even if they have only the faintest familiarity with the martial arts. Shows like Kung Fu, combined with slews of low budget martial arts movies, have made Chi a household concept. Supposedly, Chi is that magical power that causes Shaolin monks to levitate and smash concrete with their bare hands.
Kung Fu with David Carradine
Of course, the question wasn't "what is Chi?", but "do you believe in Chi?" And I would like to answer that directly - I don't think Chi is something that needs to be 'believed in.' Chi being "mystical" is a bit of a western manifestation of something they was initially misunderstood. This mysticism has persisted because it translates well into movies is perpetuated by charlatans who know they can make a quick buck.
Chi (or ki) is mostly just an eastern explanation of the natural energy we all have. A more modern term is biokinetics. Your ability to apply force on an object or to move your body is all powered by Chi. Further, Chi can be focused. When you contract your muscles and well up your energy for a sharp punch, you've essentially focused your Chi.
We all know energy exists. If you watch a fire, you see heat and light energy being emitted from the chemical reaction taking place. When we eat a good meal, we feel revitalized because the body is replenished with the natural chemicals it needs to create the energy that fuels our body. It's not mystical...it's just life!
Therefore, you can say I do believe in Chi...in the traditional sense.
This leads us to the bigger question, the Chi elephant in the room - do I believe in the miraculous abilities espoused by "Chi Masters."
No. For the most part. 95% of Chi manipulation I have encountered involves gaijin pretending like they are David Carradine. It occurs often. There is nothing mystical about striking someone in the temple and watching them get knocked out. There is also nothing mystical about striking two vital points that cause an electrical disruption to the brain. There is ALSO nothing mystical about temporarily cutting off bloodflow to the brain.
These are just effective techniques. You can use a light 'Chi' touch because a compliant partner in a calm state is very receptive to disruptions in his/her body. In other words, kyusho isn't mystical. It just takes tons and tons of practice.
Chi That I Don't Buy Into
As I mentioned earlier, some people use the myth of Chi for their own personal gain. Somewhere along the line, "the no touch knockout" started to make an appearance. This baffles me. In all the old texts I have read (think bubishi), there is never a mention of the no touch knockout. If this is such an astounding technique, wouldn't the Okinawans have at least hinted at it in their most important martial text?
Maybe it was too secret...who knows. But none of the senior instructors I have ever trained with have claimed to know this technique, nor have they ever seen it done by the Okinawan masters of the previous generation. Nor are there any tales handed down through the generations of Okinawans about this technique being used. Yet...here it is:
I'm not here to make any judgments about the character of this instructor or the students; I'm merely suggesting that this technique works on the students for reason other than the myth of Chi.
Consider this: hypnosis is a voluntary state of mind. People willingly interact with a hypnotist in order to cure small ailments or unveil buried parts of their psyche. The mind is a powerful tool, and when combined with will, can be affected dramatically.
If you were told over and over again that you're feeling Chi energy from your instructor, and all your peers are telling you you feel it, and you really want to feel it...guess what...you're going to feel it.
Why is this dangerous? Because it turns into this:
This was just a sporting event. Those Chi students could be in for a lot worse in real life.
Chi That I Won't Discount Right Away
I'm a skeptic, it's true. But that certainly doesn't mean I'm closed minded. We are far from unlocking all the little mysteries that make up the human mind. The first kind of Chi that I do not discount is physical conditioning plus trained willpower.
Shaolin Monks do, in fact, break cement slabs. They lay on beds of nails and endure spear thrusts without any puncture wounds. These feats are truly impressive, but they come from years of rigorous physical training and learning how to control the energy in the body. Think of it this way: if you are just standing around and someone sucker punches you in the gut, you are bound to go down in a heap. But if you tense all your abdominal strength and focus your entire being into absorbing that blow...you'll be ok (assuming you've done adequate physical training). These kinds of dynamic feats are impressive and serve to show the adaptability of the human body.
The other kind of Chi I don't readily discount is healing. Acupuncture, Qigong, Tai Chi, and others all claim to have healing properties. These arts use the Chinese meridian theory of Chi flow in the body. Much like Kyusho can be used to disrupt electrical/blood flow, so can healing be used to promote it.
These healing arts get very complex, utilizing different times of day, meridians, vital points, and more. How much is myth and superstition vs how much promotes health I couldn't possibly say. All I'm saying is that this is Chi that seems feasible to me.
I'd like to leave you with something that blurs the lines. At first when you watch this, you'll be inclined to disbelieve. I know I was. But by the end I was left scratching my chin. How much of this is Chi fluff...how much is real? I'll let you decide.
***
Special thanks to everyone for reading and commenting. Feel free to ask questions the way Lizzie did!
Interview: George Alexander, 10th Dan Shorin Ryu (Part 2)
Continuing from Part 1 of the George Alexander interview:
MA: One of the things you are best known for is your experience in Hakutsuru White Crane Kenpo. Could you discuss a little bit about what this is, and why you’ve dug so hard to uncover and preserve the principles of hakutsuru?
GA: Well it actually became a sort of quest! You may recall the karate kid movie with the crane kick and all that - those techniques were perpetuated by Hohan Soken and Yuichi Kuda, which is ultimately where I came to do a lot of my training. Due to those instructors and the movies, my interest was peaked as to what the hakutsuru techniques were all about, especially after I had studied Nai Hanchi, Pinan, Passai, Kusanku, etc. for so long.
Ultimately I came to ask myself...hmm - what else is there? Well the Matsumura lineage has its own hakutsuru...but you go past that and start to wonder where THAT came from. Eventually it leads to the fact that there were certain instructors who were teaching this white crane stuff in Okinawa...and historical curiousity develops about who was teaching who what. and I started pursuing that. I've been doing that for probably 25 years, trying to get to the bottom of white crane.
The paths of all this study continously led me back to China. The evidence was so powerful, in fact, that I decided to visit China myself two years ago and pursue the study even further, experiencing the area myself.
MA: Wow that must have been an amazing trip. What did you unearth there?
GA: Through that trip I was better able to trace the white crane lineage, even as it jumped from China to Okinawa. What it amounts to is that the white crane style (or southern white crane style more specifically) is what influenced Okinawan karate the most. Southern white crane mythology suggests that a woman started it about 350 years ago in Yong Chun village in the Fujian Province. I happened to go there and had the chance to talk and train with the masters still practicing the style in one form or another.
I actually did a documentary to help record these findings called Yong Chun White Crane, and another called In Search of Shaolin.
MA: What an experience!
GA: Yea it was pretty cool, haha. It was all part of a larger search. So as I began putting these connections together I noticed a strong influence of white crane on naha-te, more so than shuri-te and tomari-te, the other two major styles of the time.
OF course, there were exceptions. Hohan Soken, of my own lineage (Matsumura Shorin Ryu, which is strongly connected to Shuri-te), was known to have studied with a Chinese man named Gokenki. Gokenki was known as an herbalist and tea merchant, but was also a traveler who visited Okinawa around 1910. He influenced many Okinawans with white crane including Matayoshi, Chojun Miyagi, Kenwa Mabuni (founder of Shito-Ryu), and perhaps Uechi as well.
Kanryo Higashionna, one of Miyagi's sensei, traveled to china in the late 1800s and studied under two masters named Ryu Ru Ko and Waishinzan. He was rumored to have acquired great skill under these men and even acquaint himself with other chinese styles during his days there.
There are a few other lineages of this nature, but you can see how the connections started to develop and how white crane could have assimilated and mixed with Okinawan technique as these experts continued to train and seek out new approaches to their art.
One important thing to note is that hakutsuru karate doesn't exist as a separate style on Okinawa. It was always integrated into the arts. But as I saw it fading out more and more, I decided to put extra effort into preserving it. That is why you see me offering it separately from karate like Shorin Ryu in the form of Hakutsuru Kenpo. It helps the preservation efforts, and really, anybody can benefit as the old masters did.
Recently, the Okinawan government took note of what I was doing and actually sent me a Menkyo (teacher's license) in recognition of their approval.
MA: That's significant. Did you have to apply for something like that?
GA: Actually no I didn't. They just sort of heard about me. It wasn't my original intention to develop anything official. I'm just like a green belt running around out there trying to learn more stuff and I think I'm always going to have that mentality. But over the years it just kinda happened.
MA: I'd like to switch gears and ask you a couple of concept questions. During my time teaching and writing online there seem to be some recurring themes that people like to discuss or try to learn more about. I think it would great if we could get your take on some of these topics.
GA: Sure, fire away.
MA: How important do you think Hojo Undo (body hardening and strengething) is in traditional training? Some people swear by it, while others find it a bit antiquated for modern society.
GA: There are a few ways you can look at it. What hojo undo originally did was make you stronger. If you were stronger you could be a better fighter and would therefore be better at self defense.
There's a counter argument from the modern perspective - when was the last time you actually defended yourself? Sure if you hang out in dark alleys and shady bars you may have to, but in normal day to day life, is it applicable? Why are we doing all this?
The whole point of hojo undo, I think, is preserving tradition and enhancing other aspects of your martial arts. Two prime examples: the first is developing a stronger martial spirit, which helps you with every day trials and tribulations. The other is improving your health. Kata and sparring help with cardio, but hojo undo fills in the gap with resistance training (which develops muscle tissue and bone density).
MA: Right. It's a balance between improving yourself while realizing you probably won't be performing death touches on a weekly basis. haha.
In your personal training, how many kata do you tend to focus on?
GA: For my personal training, I tend to focus on just a few kata. You may be able to do every kata in a system all the time...but then that's all you do. I try to diversify, both in class and on my own, and dig deeper into kata as much as I practice the form itself.
MA: Where do you see the importance of kyusho (vital point striking) factoring into overall training when compared to other elements of karate? It seems like there can be preoccupation sometimes with kyusho and the "magic touch" effects it can inflict on an opponent.
GA: Yes I've seen that as well. I think kyusho has to be part of a larger whole. It's kind of like saying - "I'm going to study karate, but I'm only going to focus on front kick. Front kick is all that matters."
Well...no...there's round kick too! And let's not forget about down block.
Kyusho-jitsu is part of the whole picture. When I first started training in Shotokan in the 60s there was very little focus on it. Over the years it has developed and grown in popularity. Unfortunately, as kyusho grows in complexity, it requires more and more compliant opponents. Sometimes you have to pear it back down, even though its less impressive than some of the fancy stuff you can do with a helper standing very still right in front of you.
A lot of the basic kyusho points follow the centerline - throat, chin, nose, groin...not fancy but effective.
The Chinese say there are 108 vital points. They also integrate chi flow which follows 14 meridians, and a 2 hour clock that shifts chi points. So in the heat of combat you have to remember what time it is, where the chi is, and where to hit...it gets complicated and technical if you let it.
MA: One final question (it's kind of a big one). You are part of the current generation which is helping preserve and guide the martial arts as a whole. Where would you like to see the next few generations take the martial arts?
GA: Ohh boy, haha. I think...the martial arts are going to continue to evolve and change. The only thing we can do is try to nurture it along, and make sure that the knowledge everyone has maintained so far gets passed along correctly. A lot of times things can get watered down and the quality suffers. So quality control is an issue. Things are getting better I think, but its important that we all keep pushing for that.
Another thing that is happening is that people are more open than they were in the past to learning new things. I can remember in the 60s, if you use the Bruce Lee example, the Chinese were upset with him because he was teaching non-Chinese. That racial tension existed all over the place. I see a lot less of that now. The protectionism has really diminished, and I think its good to see people being able to learn things that were not at all attainable not so long ago.
MA: Thank you very much Alexander Sensei! This has been extremely informative and I think the readers are certain to get something out of it!
Interview: George Alexander, 10th Dan Shorin Ryu (Part 1)
I recently had the opportunity to chat with George Alexander Sensei. I've trained with Alexander Sensei just a few times in the past, but his enthusiasm for the martial arts is something that has always stuck with me. He is a true investigator and teacher, and thanks to his efforts, much has been revealed and preserved regarding classical martial arts that might have been lost otherwise.
Alexander Sensei's main style is Matsumura Shorin Ryu Karate and Kobudo (Okinawan weapons art), in which he is ranked 10th Dan, Hanshi. He also holds 10th Dan in Shorinji Ryu Jujitsu and 7th Dan in Kendo.
Alexander Sensei is responsible for some of the most important books in publication regarding Okinawa, including Okinawa: Island of Karate, and Bubishi: Martial Art Spirit. These books are often found in 'must read' lists for karate practitioners.
Along with his written work, Alexander Sensei has spearheaded Yamazato Videos. Realizing that learning martial arts is done mostly through watching, Alexander Sensei was one of the earliest instructors to embrace this new technology and provide both enlightening and rare knowledge in his video tapes. Since its inception, Yamazato has grown to cover a myriad of styles and concepts, competing with 'big boys' like Panther Productions and Asian World of Martial Arts.
Alexander Sensei is a whirlwind of martial arts accomplishment, and I was fortunate enough to steal some of his time in order to ask questions both about his background, and his take on some commonly debated martial arts concepts. Enjoy!
***
MA: Alexander Sensei, thank you for sitting down with me! I'd like to start off at the beginning - how did you get your start in the martial arts and what was the whole "scene" like at that time?
GA: Well I started when I was a kid. My dad had been in the army airforce and was teaching something they called combat judo. And at that time (late 50s, early 60s or so) there was no karate around. I was intrigued by judo initially, and ultimately, I joined the military myself [united states marine corp 1964].
Shortly into my military career, I started studying Shorin Ryu at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina. I did that until 1967 when I was transferred to Okinawa.
MA: Is that when you started studying with Yuichi Kuda, who you cite as your primary Sensei in Shorin Ryu?
GA: Actually No. I didn't study with Kuda Sensei until later. I spent a good many years studying with different Sensei on the island. Two you may have heard of are Eizo Shimabukuro and Fusei Kise.
MA: It must have been neat on the island where so many outstanding instructors were accessible. When did you ultimately decide to "settle in" with Kuda Sensei?
GA: I spent a good 20 years in training before that. I think up until 1984...or 85. So before that I was learning a lot about Shorin Ryu, Shotokan, Goju Ryu, and Kyokushinkai.
MA: I was hoping you could give me a flavor of what training was like at that point. Do you find that the older training style is reflected in the modern U.S., or were things a bit different?
GA: I think the 70's were kind of a "macho" era. There were no kids in karate...or very few. It was a lot of young men with a lot of testosterone, so it was kind of a knock-em-around environment. Then the 80s were more like the decade of Karate Kid with Mr. Miyagi and wax-on-wax-off. Much more contemplative. Then the 90s were more about sport karate, and we saw the emergence of a lot of federations. Now it seems we have come full circle, in a sense, where we have MMA. These are individuals who are interested in combining all kinds of styles together, which I think is a bit more like what the original instructors had intended. Of course, MMA is still very heavy sport oriented, as was the influence of the 90s.
MA: Do you think the development of mixed martial arts is healthy for martial arts as a whole?
GA: I don't know if I would qualify it as healthy or not. It's the way of the world. You can't stop change. The world, and the things in it, are dynamic and they're bound to change. So I always like to use the old Matsumura saying: "change with the times." Sokon Matsumura, a fountainhead of Okinawa Karate wisdom, said that to one of his students when he was in his 80s. He wrote him a letter containing that message.
Of course, that doesn't mean give up whatever martial art you're doing and do MMA. And actually, too much of going with trends has resulted in some of the factionalizing that we see today. Every decade seems to have a trend (like ninja in the 80s), and clearly MMA is this decades hot trend. It's important to decide whether you want to pursue a martial art or martial sport.
MA: The previous head of Okinawa Kenpo, Seikichi Odo, was known to be a collector when it came to Kobudo. Did you receive all of your Kobudo training with Kuda Sensei, or did you have to do some collecting of your own?
GA: It's true, a lot of the early Kobudo practitioners were collectors. Kenwa Mabuni, he was certainly a collector. Shinken Taira - he went around the island collecting and codifying 40 or so different weapons kata into a system. Certainly Odo Sensei as well.
It was no different for me. I learned some here and some there, but then established myself in Kuda Sensei's kobudo program. And really, I think you learn that way because no one person has it all. You have to interact with different sensei to get different knowledge. This is also one area where I learned from master Kise.
MA: Switching gears just a bit, could you explain what Shorinji Ryu Jujitsu is?
GA: Ohh sure. Shorinji Ryu Jujitsu traces its roots to Japan, but I trained under Hanshi Ken Penland. The style, more or less, came from Albert C. Church. There are 20 two-man kata, which are training drills in jujitsu technique. But ultimately, it shares the same principles as most jujitsu styles (a wrist lock is a wrist lock, an armbar is an armbar).
MA: So you trained with Penland Sensei in Jujitsu, but you also were both students of Yuichi Kuda?
GA: That's right. We tapped into each others experience very often.
MA: One of the things you are best known for is your experience in Hakatsuru White Crane Kenpo. Could you discuss a little bit about what this is, and why you've dug so hard to uncover and preserve the principles of hakatsuru?
Click here to continue to Part 2
